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NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
1. India’s age-old dictum of ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ can be realised by the draft National Tourism Policy 2022 which can lead to sustainable, responsible and inclusive tourism in line with our civilisational ethos. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Business Standard
Why the question:
Earlier this month, the Dhauladhar ranges in the Himalayas were the setting for a gathering of State Tourism Ministers — a first-of-its-kind meeting to discuss, debate and deliberate on modes and mechanisms to develop tourism in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the potential of national tourism policy in promoting tourism in the country.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the India’s ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ policy – its meaning and present-day relevance.
Next, mention the major features draft National Tourism Policy 2022 and what it seeks to achieve with regards to promoting tourism. Write its potential and limitations.
Next, write about the various measures that are needed to promote sustainable, responsible and inclusive tourism in the country.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
Sustainable tourism is defined by the UN Environment Program and UN World Tourism Organization as “tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.”
Body
Draft National Tourism Policy
Tourism potential in India
Conclusion
If the goal of positioning of India as one of the world’s best tourism destinations by 2047, there is need to integrate various schemes of different ministries. Need to involve various stakeholders, and local communities; necessary interventions at urban and rural level should be a priority.
Value addition
Types of tourism
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
2. Agnipath scheme will lead to a leaner military, savings in pensions but can also unlock a socio-political transformation. Critically analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus (Revision) of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about Agnipath scheme, its benefits and risks.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the writing about aims and objectives of Agnipath scheme for recruiting soldiers.
Body:
Frist, discuss the key features of the scheme – recruitment, salary, duration and post tenure etc.
Next, write about the major benefits from the scheme.
Next, write about various concerns associated with the scheme in the short term and long term
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
Agnipath Defence Policy Reform is a government scheme launched to recruit young men and women in the Indian Armed forces. The Agnipath scheme was announced by the defence Minister Rajnath Singh on June 14th 2022.
Body
About the Agnipath scheme
Objectives
Various benefits to Youth
Issues related to the scheme
Conclusion
Despite the reservations, there is potential for future employment to these youth as the defence industry is ready to take off in a huge manner in India. Once this happens, the industry will have readily skilled youth for the jobs and hence there is also future to these youths. At the same time, national security is ensured.
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
3. To what extent has the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) led to improvement in access to cleaner cooking fuels especially in rural areas. Critically analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Body:
In the first part, write about the achievements of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Next, write about statistic which highlight the shift from traditional forms of fuel to LPG.
Next, write about the various impediments like affordability, administrative issues, low value for women’s labour etc poor face while accessing LPG which causes them to continue to use firewood and cow dung as fuel.
Write the measures that need to be taken to enhance and promote the usage of LPG. Mention the aspect of integrating other forms clean energy apart from LPG which is accessible and affordable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
The sustained rise in the price of LPG cylinders has been burning a hole in many a household budget for more than a year now. The price of LPG refills has risen by more than 50% to over ₹900 per cylinder in November 2021 compared to around ₹600 over the past year.
With no refill subsidies in place since May 2020, there is genuine concern about many households now slipping back to using polluting solid fuels for cooking, such as firewood and dung cakes.
Body
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Key features
Performance of Ujjwala
Structural impediments in Ujjwala Yojana
Cost issues: A RTI application revealed that in the last financial year, 90 lakh beneficiaries of government’s flagship welfare scheme Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana did not refill their cylinders. And over 1 crore beneficiaries refilled their cylinders only once.
Administrative issues: Laxity in identification of beneficiaries was noticed as 9,897 LPG connections were issued against Abridged Household List Temporary Identification Numbers (AHL TINs) where names of all family members and the beneficiary were blank in the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC)-2011 list.
Logistic issues: Lack of LPG cylinder bottling plants near rural areas and connectivity issues especially in the tribal areas.
Safety and Behavioural issues: Safety has been another concern about distribution of LPG connection, especially to BPL families. Lack of awareness and safety amenities in beneficiary households have increased the likelihood of accidents.
Conclusion and way forward
Topic: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
4. The Constitution of India places the post of the Attorney General for India (A-G) on a special footing. The A-G is the Government of India’s first law officer, and has the right of audience in all courts of the country. Elaborate. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Senior Advocate Mukul Rohatgi has declined the government’s offer to be Attorney General (A-G) for India after “second thoughts”. Rohatgi, who had earlier agreed to take up the position.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about roles and responsibilities of the Attorney General for India.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of Article 76 (2).
Body:
Write about the role of attorney general of India is? – The Attorney General is necessary for advising the Government of India on legal matters referred to them. They also perform other legal duties assigned to them by the President.
Discuss in detail the role and responsibilities. Provide recent examples if possible.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Introduction
The Constitution of India places the post of the A-G on a special footing. The A-G is the Government of India’s first law officer, and has the right of audience in all courts of the country.
Article 76(2) of the Constitution says “it shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the President”.
Body
Functions
The AG:
Conclusion
Unlike the Attorney General of the United States, the AGI does not have any executive authority. Those functions are performed by the Law Minister of India. Also, the AG is not a government servant and is not debarred from private legal practice.
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
5. What are polymetallic nodules? Evaluate their potential to be a source of important industrial metals amidst global industrial metals supply chain disruption. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) based in Kingston, Jamaica, is the agency that is chartered to “organize, regulate and control all mineral-related activities in the international seabed area for the benefit of mankind as a whole”.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about polymetallic nodules, its advantages, and limitations in ensuring supply of metals.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining polymetallic nodules and the metals found in them.
Body:
First, write about the various reasons for the disruption in the global industrial metals supply chain and its impact.
Next, write about the advantages offered by the polymetallic nodules and their potential in being a source of important strategic metals.
Next, write about the limitations of mining polymetallic nodules and other concerns associated with it. Suggest ways to overcome these limitations.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
Poly metallic nodules are potato-shaped, largely porous Iron-Manganese oxide deposit nodules found in abundance carpeting the sea floor of world oceans with size ranging from 2 to 10 cm in diameter. These are considered as the precipitates of hot fluids from upwelling hot magma from deep interior of the oceanic crust, discharged through mineralized paths. Besides manganese and iron, they contain nickel, copper, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, cadmium, vanadium, titanium, of which nickel, cobalt and copper are considered to be of economic and strategic importance.
Body
Background: Industrial metals supply chain disruption
Potential of polymetallic nodules as source of important industrial metal
Significance for India
Issues with mining polymetallic nodules
Conclusion
India has had a mixed track record of mining on land in a commercially purposeful, environmentally safe and community sensitive way. While deep-sea mining facilitates migration to cleaner technologies and has no local human communities to worry about, it has high technical complexity and a potentially harsh environmental impact. Yet, as the world begins to tread on the deep ocean floor, India may have to follow.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
6. Throw light on various global navigation systems. Discuss the need to promote NavIC as a home-grown alternative to avoid dependence on foreign satellite systems for navigation service requirements, particularly for “strategic sectors.” (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Economic Times ,Insights on India
Why the question:
The Indian government is pushing smartphone makers to enable support for its NavIC navigation system in new devices sold in the country from next year, a move that has spooked the industry due to additional costs and tight time frame.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the major global navigation systems of the world and potential of NavIC in ensuring strategic autonomy for India’s navigation.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by citing major navigation systems across the world and their need.
Body:
First, NavIC and its features and applications with respect navigation.
Next, write about the drawbacks of depending on foreign navigation systems especially for strategic sectors. Cite examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the concerns and potential limitations of promoting Navic on a large scale and measures that are needed to overcome it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
India has been making great progress in space and research fields. Indian GPS would certainly boost country’s credentials in this field. India becomes only the fifth entity to have a GPS system of their own.
Apart from India, US has Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia has Glonass, Europe has Galileo and China has BeiDou as their navigational systems. NAVIC will reduce the dependencies on the other systems for the country. That means that even in a war-like situation there would be no interruption of the information.
Body
Need to promote NavIC as an alternative to foreign navigation systems
NavIC and its significance
Conclusion
India should work to shift the regional frame of mind from defence thinking to subcontinental cooperation, pushing back against isolationist impulses that stand in the way of realizing the civilian and commercial promise of NAVIC. An ability to integrate space infrastructure into the Indian state apparatus has fortunate ripple effects beyond Indian borders. In dedicating itself to exploring and actualizing the civilian and commercial potential of NAVIC, India can signal to its regional partners that its rise is not only passively peaceful but also directly beneficial to those it can lift up in its tide.
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships.
7. It is immoral and unethical to remain silent when a wrong is happening. Examine. (150 Words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To form an opinion on ethicality of remaining silent and taking no action when a wrong is being committed.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about inaction or taking no action in the face of wrong that is happening and choosing to remain silent. Cite examples.
Next, given reasons as to why inaction in the face of a wrong is unethical and immoral. Write about the impact of inaction.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced opinion the issue.
Introduction
“The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in times of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality”
Morality is the greatest attribute of humanity and distinguishes us from mere animal existence. When humans are faced with dilemma of choosing between a good and bad act (with supposed personal gains), moral crisis is said to be in place.
Body
If a moral man stands by, seeing and recognizing the atrocity and yet fails to intervene he is as responsible as the perpetrators themselves. If he does the wrong thing, he may be immoral but being amoral means, he has no values whatsoever and therefore cannot be improved or saved. Neutrality is another way of saying: stand by and do nothing when you could’ve made the difference.
Inaction in any sector, any field or space can be very detrimental. All nations of UNSC not taking action against Russia for waging unjust war on Ukraine is a case in point. The human-kind as a whole is suffering and yet no one wants to get involved. Fighting climate change, terrorism requires active participation from all nations, yet inaction is evident as we see flash floods, droughts, heat waves etc.
Napoleon has asserted,” The world suffers not by the violence of the bad people, but by the silence of the good people”. Neutrality shows the trait of avoiding the responsibility. Our actions affect our surrounding and being neutral has its own consequences and the responsibility for the outcome of neutrality can never be avoided
Conclusion
Morality and ethics have grey areas and at times it is impossible to overcome the dilemma as either choices would lead to moral turpitude. Yet, values such as compassion, empathy, honesty and integrity help in aiding us to take the right decisions. To act or not to act is a challenge and the above values can guide one better
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